Windows 上使用 VS Code + MSVC 开发 C++ 全流程（含调试）

一、前提：你要安装的工具

1. 下载VS Code

2. 下载Visual Studio Build Tools 2022

安装时请勾选以下内容：

• MSVC C++ 编译器（v14.x）
• Windows 10 SDK（或 11）
• C++ 生成工具（默认就行）

二、VS Code 安装扩展

打开 VS Code → 进入扩展市场，安装：

三、项目目录结构建议

your_project/
├── hello.cpp
├── build_and_run.bat
├── output/
├── build/
└── .vscode/
    ├── tasks.json
    ├── launch.json
    ├── settings.json
    └── c_cpp_properties.json

四、核心文件内容

1. build_and_run.bat

@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
set "filename=%~n1"
if not exist build mkdir build
if not exist output mkdir output
if exist build\%filename%.obj del /q build\%filename%.obj
if exist output\%filename%.exe del /q output\%filename%.exe
cl.exe /EHsc /Zi %1 /Fo:build\ /Fe:output\%filename%.exe /link /DEBUG
if exist output\%filename%.exe (
    echo -------------------------------
    echo Running output\%filename%.exe:
    echo -------------------------------
    output\%filename%.exe
) else (
    echo ❌ Build failed: .exe not created
)
endlocal

2. .vscode/tasks.json

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "label": "Build and Run C++ via .bat",
      "type": "shell",
      "command": "${workspaceFolder}\\build_and_run.bat",
      "args": ["${file}"],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
        "shell": {
          "executable": "cmd.exe",
          "args": ["/d", "/c"]
        }
      },
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      },
      "problemMatcher": []
    }
  ]
}

3. .vscode/launch.json

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Debug EXE in output/",
      "type": "cppvsdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/output/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
      "environment": [],
      "console": "integratedTerminal"
    }
  ]
}

4. .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Win32",
      "includePath": [
        "${workspaceFolder}/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/BuildTools/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.44.35207/include",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.19041.0/ucrt",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.19041.0/shared",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.19041.0/um"
      ],
      "defines": [],
      "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.19041.0",
      "compilerPath": "cl.exe",
      "intelliSenseMode": "windows-msvc-x64",
      "cppStandard": "c++17"
    }
  ],
  "version": 4
}

5. .vscode/settings.json（可选）

{
  "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.windows": "Command Prompt",
  "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cpptools"
}

五、使用流程

六、测试代码样例：hello.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <utility>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 1, b = 2;
    cout << "Before swap: " << a << ", " << b << "\n";
    swap(a, b);
    cout << "After swap: " << a << ", " << b << "\n";
    return 0;
}

七、常见问题